Research Unit · Cluster 4.2
Circular Economy & Sustainable Cities
Cities consume over 75% of global resources and generate 50% of solid waste — yet they are also the most powerful laboratories for transformative change. Cluster 4.2 develops, tests and evaluates circular economy models for urban contexts, addressing the full lifecycle of materials, products and urban systems.
Circular EconomyUrban MetabolismWaste PreventionResource EfficiencySystems Thinking
75%
Global Resources Consumed by Cities
2.0Gt
Municipal Solid Waste / Year (World Bank)
700B€
EU CE Opportunity by 2030
55%
EU Recycling Target by 2025

CE Models & Strategic Frameworks

Developing and evaluating circular economy frameworks for urban and industrial contexts — drawing on the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s ReSOLVE framework, industrial ecology and urban metabolism approaches to model material and energy flows.

Sustainable Urban Development

Evidence-based approaches to city planning that integrate circular principles from the ground up: mixed-use density, short supply chains, urban farming, green infrastructure and adaptive reuse of buildings and public spaces.

Waste Prevention & Design

Upstream research on waste prevention through product design, packaging reduction and behavioural interventions — grounded in the EU Waste Framework Directive and the waste hierarchy (prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery).

Resource Efficiency Metrics

Development and application of validated metrics — including Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the EU Resource Efficiency Scoreboard — to assess and benchmark city-level resource performance.

Small Business CE Transition

Applied transfer research supporting SMEs in implementing circular strategies: business model innovation, supply chain transformation and stakeholder engagement — funded through ESF+ and national BBWA programmes.

Urban Pilot Projects

Co-design and scientific evaluation of CE pilot interventions in Berlin and partner cities — from neighbourhood repair cafés to district-level material passports, providing real-world evidence for scaling.

Theoretical Foundations

Cluster 4.2 draws on industrial ecology, urban metabolism theory, sustainable transition studies (MLP framework) and behavioural economics. Methodologies include Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), agent-based modelling and comparative case study research across European cities.